Motor development of very low birthweight infants with chronic lung disease - a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION To determine whether chronic lung disease (CLD) influences specific aspects of motor development in infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine very low birthweight infants with CLD at 36 weeks' post-conceptional age and 31 infants without CLD were evaluated at 8 months' and 24 months' corrected age using the Neurosensory Motor Development Assessment. Perinatal and neonatal characteristics of the infants with CLD and control infants were compared using the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. The relationship between CLD and adverse outcome was measured by the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The overall developmental scores of the CLD infants were significantly different compared with control infants at 8 months. By 2 years of age, both groups of infants showed marked improvement in motor performance. However, differences persisted in the area of postural balance and sensory motor skills. Taking periventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia into consideration, CLD contributed significantly to the occurrence of motor dysfunction at 8 months of age [odds ratio (OR), 7.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1 to 26.5]. The impact of CLD on motor development remained substantial, though not statistically significant (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.4 to 37.9) at 2 years of age. CONCLUSION CLD has a definite effect on motor development. The pathologic influence of CLD on motor development remains speculative but results of this study emphasise the need for careful neurodevelopmental follow-up of infants with CLD, whether or not these infants suffer intraventricular haemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia.